Safety安全

The chemistry is the dangerous part危险的是化学部分

Wet work only in a proper lab with a fume hood. Nothing chemical at home.湿实验只在带通风橱的正规实验室里做。家里不碰任何化学品。

Several reagents are carcinogens, mutagens or reproductive toxicants (CMR substances). Not in a kitchen, a garage or a spare room. Follow the host lab's induction and risk assessments. Each chemical's hazard below is read from a named supplier's safety data sheet (SDS), cited in its row and listed under the table; raw chicken has no sheet. Suppliers' sheets differ and change, so check the one for the product you use. This is a starting list, not a risk assessment.

好几种试剂会致癌、致突变或有生殖毒性（CMR 物质）。厨房、车库、空房间都不行。遵守所在实验室的入门培训和风险评估。下面每种化学品的危害都读自一家具名供应商的安全数据表（SDS），出处写在该行里，并列在表下；生鸡肉没有 SDS。各家的 SDS 不尽相同，也会更新，所以要核对你所用产品的那一份。这只是起步清单，不是风险评估。

Reagent试剂 Hazard, from the SDS cited where there is one危害（有 SDS 的据所引 SDS） Handling: the project's notes, checked against the sheets处理方式（项目笔记，已对照各 SDS）
Acrylamide (40% solution)丙烯酰胺（40% 溶液）Danger. May cause cancer and genetic defects (Cat. 1B); suspected of damaging fertility; damages organs, including the nervous system, through prolonged or repeated exposure; may cause an allergic skin reaction; harmful if swallowed; irritates skin and eyes. H302, H315, H317, H319, H340, H350, H361f, H372: the label of this 40% solution. It can be absorbed through the skin: the UK exposure limit in the sheet's section 8 carries the skin notation of HSE's EH40/2005. As a substance, HSE's GB list classes acrylamide toxic if swallowed (Acute Tox. 3, H301). SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP1402-1, rev. 2024-02-09危险。可能致癌、可能导致遗传性缺陷（1B 类）；怀疑损害生育能力；长期或反复接触会损害器官，包括神经系统；可能导致皮肤过敏；吞咽有害；刺激皮肤和眼睛。H302、H315、H317、H319、H340、H350、H361f、H372：这是这款 40% 溶液的标签。它可经皮肤吸收：该 SDS 第 8 节列出的英国职业接触限值带有 HSE《EH40/2005》的皮肤吸收标记。按物质本身，英国 HSE 的大不列颠清单把丙烯酰胺列为吞咽有毒（Acute Tox. 3，H301）。 SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP1402-1，修订 2024-02-09Use it as a 40% solution, never as powder, and only in a fume hood (its sheet: "Use only under a chemical fume hood"), with double nitrile gloves, goggles and lab coat.用 40% 溶液，绝不用粉末，而且只在通风橱里操作（其 SDS：“只能在化学通风橱下使用”），戴双层丁腈手套、护目镜、穿实验服。
Bis-acrylamide (solution)双丙烯酰胺（溶液）May cause genetic defects: HSE's GB mandatory classification list, legally binding in Great Britain, has it as Muta. 1B (H340; GHS08, Danger), in legal effect since 2025-09-23, with suppliers to comply by 2027-03-23. Fisher's SDS lists the bis in its solution (under 5% in water) as toxic if swallowed (H301), harmful in contact with skin (H312), may cause genetic defects (H340), may cause cancer (H350), suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child (H361) and causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure (H372), yet leaves the solution itself unclassified; that sheet is older than the GB entry. SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP1404-250, rev. 2023-10-13可能导致遗传性缺陷：英国 HSE 的大不列颠强制分类清单（在大不列颠具有法律约束力）把它列为 1B 类致突变物（H340；GHS08，危险），自 2025-09-23 起具有法律效力，供应商最迟须在 2027-03-23 前执行。Fisher 的 SDS 把其溶液（水中含量低于 5%）里的双丙烯酰胺列为：吞咽有毒（H301）、皮肤接触有害（H312）、可能导致遗传性缺陷（H340）、可能致癌（H350）、怀疑对生育能力或胎儿造成伤害（H361）、长期或反复接触会对器官造成损害（H372），却没有给溶液本身分类；这份 SDS 早于英国的这条分类。SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP1404-250，修订 2023-10-13Treat as CMR. Use it as a solution.按 CMR 物质对待。用溶液。
Formaldehyde (16%, methanol-free)甲醛（16%，无甲醇）Danger. May cause cancer (Cat. 1B); suspected of causing genetic defects; harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled; may cause an allergic skin reaction; irritates skin, eyes and airways. H302 + H312 + H332, H315, H317, H319, H335, H341, H350: the label of this 16% solution. As a substance, HSE's GB list classes formaldehyde fatal if inhaled (Acute Tox. 2, H330) and corrosive to skin (Skin Corr. 1B, H314), in an entry revised with legal effect from 2025-02-15; this sheet's section 3 still gives the older component classes. SDS: Avocado Research Chemicals (Thermo Fisher Scientific) 43368, rev. 2026-04-13危险。可能致癌（1B 类）；怀疑会导致遗传性缺陷；吞咽、皮肤接触或吸入有害；可能导致皮肤过敏；刺激皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道。H302 + H312 + H332、H315、H317、H319、H335、H341、H350：这是这款 16% 溶液的标签。按物质本身，英国 HSE 的大不列颠清单把甲醛列为吸入致命（Acute Tox. 2，H330）、皮肤腐蚀（Skin Corr. 1B，H314），这条分类经修订，自 2025-02-15 起具有法律效力；这份 SDS 第 3 节给的仍是旧的成分分类。 SDS：Avocado Research Chemicals（Thermo Fisher Scientific 旗下）43368，修订 2026-04-13Methanol-free sealed ampoules, opened only in a fume hood; small volumes. The overnight anchoring step runs in a sealed box.用无甲醇的密封安瓿，只在通风橱里打开；用量要小。过夜锚定步骤放在密封盒里进行。
APS (ammonium persulfate)过硫酸铵（APS）Danger. Oxidiser: may intensify fire; may cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled; may cause an allergic skin reaction; harmful if swallowed; irritates skin, eyes and airways. H272, H302, H315, H317, H319, H334, H335 SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP179-25, rev. 2024-09-09危险。氧化剂，可能加剧燃烧；吸入可能导致过敏或哮喘症状或呼吸困难；可能导致皮肤过敏；吞咽有害；刺激皮肤、眼睛和呼吸道。H272、H302、H315、H317、H319、H334、H335 SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP179-25，修订 2024-09-09Weigh into closed, pre-tared vials with minimal dust; keep away from combustible materials. Stock made as 10% w/v in batches of at least 1 g, aliquoted and frozen.称进预先去皮的密闭小瓶，尽量不起粉尘；远离可燃物。母液按 10% w/v 配制，每批至少 1 g，分装冷冻。
TEMEDDanger. Highly flammable liquid and vapour; causes severe skin burns and eye damage; harmful if swallowed or inhaled. H225, H302 + H332, H314 SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP150-20, rev. 2023-10-13危险。高度易燃液体和蒸气；造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤；吞咽或吸入有害。H225、H302 + H332、H314 SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP150-20，修订 2023-10-13Only in a fume hood (its sheet: "Use only under a chemical fume hood"); small quantities, kept closed, stored in a flammables cabinet away from heat and ignition sources.只在通风橱里操作（其 SDS：“只能在化学通风橱下使用”）；少量，盖紧，存放在易燃品柜里，远离热源和火源。
Sodium acrylate丙烯酸钠Warning. Very toxic to aquatic life (H400) and toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects (H411). This supplier's SDS gives no health hazard class, though its first-aid section says contact may cause mild irritation. Purity matters. SDS: Glentham Life Sciences GX3080, rev. 2026-05-12 (EU format)警告。对水生生物毒性极大（H400），对水生生物有毒并具有长期持续影响（H411）。这家供应商的 SDS 未列健康危害类别，不过其急救部分说接触后可能有轻微刺激。纯度很关键。SDS：Glentham Life Sciences GX3080，修订 2026-05-12（欧盟格式）Weighed as a powder in closed vials. Choose high purity and reject yellow solutions. Collect as waste; never down the drain.以粉末形式在密闭小瓶里称量。选高纯度的，发黄的溶液不要。收集为废液，绝不倒进下水道。
Acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide (only to make sodium acrylate in the lab, a fallback)丙烯酸和氢氧化钠（只在实验室自制丙烯酸钠时用，备用方案）Danger. Acrylic acid: flammable; causes severe skin burns and eye damage; harmful if swallowed, in contact with skin or if inhaled; irritates airways; very toxic to aquatic life (H226, H302 + H312 + H332, H314, H335, H400). Sodium hydroxide: causes severe skin burns and eye damage; may be corrosive to metals (H290, H314). SDS: Fisher Scientific UK 164250010, rev. 2023-09-22; Fisher Scientific UK BP359-500, rev. 2023-10-13危险。丙烯酸：易燃；造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤；吞咽、皮肤接触或吸入有害；刺激呼吸道；对水生生物毒性极大（H226、H302 + H312 + H332、H314、H335、H400）。氢氧化钠：造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤；可能腐蚀金属（H290、H314）。SDS：Fisher Scientific UK 164250010，修订 2023-09-22；Fisher Scientific UK BP359-500，修订 2023-10-13Fume hood only. Neutralising one with the other gives off heat. A fallback in the project's notes (D-21), not the plan.只能在通风橱里做。两者中和会放热。这只是项目笔记里的备用方案（D-21），不是主计划。
SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) buffer at 95 °C95 °C 的 SDS（十二烷基硫酸钠）缓冲液Danger. Causes serious eye damage; harmful if swallowed; irritates skin; harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. H302, H315, H318, H412. At 95 °C, also a scald hazard. SDS (the solid): Fisher Scientific UK BP166-500, rev. 2023-10-13危险。造成严重眼损伤；吞咽有害；刺激皮肤；对水生生物有害并具有长期持续影响。H302、H315、H318、H412。在 95 °C 时还有烫伤风险。SDS（固体）：Fisher Scientific UK BP166-500，修订 2023-10-13Goggles. Screw-cap or lid-lock tubes in a lidded heat block, never on the microscope stage.戴护目镜。用螺旋盖或锁扣盖的管子，放进带盖加热块；绝不放到显微镜载物台上。
DMSO (dye solvent)DMSO（染料溶剂）Not classified as hazardous under GB CLP; a combustible liquid. Its SDS warns that it readily penetrates skin and may carry other dissolved chemicals into the body. SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP231-100, rev. 2023-10-13按英国 GB CLP 不属于危险品；可燃液体。其 SDS 提醒：它很容易透过皮肤，并可能把溶解在里面的其他化学品带进体内。SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP231-100，修订 2023-10-13Always gloves; away from heat.始终戴手套；远离热源。
Triton X-100Danger. Causes serious eye damage; harmful if swallowed; toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects. H302, H318, H411 SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP151-100, rev. 2024-04-04危险。造成严重眼损伤；吞咽有害；对水生生物有毒并具有长期持续影响。H302、H318、H411 SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP151-100，修订 2024-04-04Goggles. Collected as waste, never down the drain.戴护目镜。收集为废液，绝不倒进下水道。
Imidazole (rigor buffer)咪唑（僵直缓冲液）Danger. May damage the unborn child (Repr. 1B, as in HSE's GB mandatory classification list); causes severe skin burns and eye damage; harmful if swallowed; the solid may form combustible dust in air. H302, H314, H360D SDS: Fisher Scientific UK BP305-50, rev. 2023-10-13危险。可能对胎儿造成伤害（1B 类生殖毒性，与英国 HSE 的大不列颠强制分类清单一致）；造成严重皮肤灼伤和眼损伤；吞咽有害；固体在空气中可能形成可燃粉尘。H302、H314、H360D SDS：Fisher Scientific UK BP305-50，修订 2023-10-13Treat as CMR. Weigh and handle the solid only in a fume hood (its sheet: "Use only under a chemical fume hood"), with gloves and goggles. The lab's risk assessment must cover a reproductive toxicant.按 CMR 物质对待。只在通风橱里称量和处理固体（其 SDS：“只能在化学通风橱下使用”），戴手套和护目镜。实验室的风险评估必须覆盖生殖毒性物质。
Sodium azide叠氮化钠Not added in any gel step. The calibration beads (BOM line C-03) may bring it in: Thermo Fisher's FluoSpheres user guide says they are sold "in most cases containing 2mM azide or 0.02% thimerosal as a preservative"; their North American SDS (F8803, rev. 2024-08-16) lists no hazard.任何凝胶步骤都不加。但标定用的荧光微球（物料清单 C-03）可能会把它带进来：Thermo Fisher 的 FluoSpheres 用户指南说，这些微球出售时“大多含 2 mM 叠氮化物或 0.02% 硫柳汞作防腐剂”；它们的北美版 SDS（F8803，修订 2024-08-16）未列任何危害。Gels are stored in water in the lab's fridge instead. Bead suspensions leave by the lab's waste route: their SDS says to "avoid discharge into drains and waterways whenever possible".凝胶改为泡在水里，放进实验室的冰箱保存。微球悬液走实验室的废液渠道：其 SDS 写明要“尽量避免排入下水道和水体”。
Raw chicken生鸡肉Campylobacter and Salmonella risk until fixed.固定之前有弯曲杆菌和沙门氏菌风险。Food-hygiene practice; dedicated tools.按食品卫生规范处理；使用专用工具。

Also in the design, with no hazard class in the SDS read: EGTA (Avocado Research Chemicals A16086, rev. 2024-02-11), Tris base (Fisher Scientific UK BP152-1, rev. 2023-10-13), sodium bicarbonate (BP328-500, rev. 2023-10-13) and sodium chloride (BP358-1, rev. 2026-02-06), all GB format. No dye is chosen yet (an NHS-ester dye of the Alexa Fluor 488 or ATTO 488 class, dissolved in DMSO), and no SDS was opened for poly-L-lysine or PBS: use the sheet for the product you use.

设计里还用到以下试剂，所读 SDS 未列任何危害类别：EGTA（Avocado Research Chemicals A16086，修订 2024-02-11）、Tris 碱（Fisher Scientific UK BP152-1，修订 2023-10-13）、碳酸氢钠（BP328-500，修订 2023-10-13）和氯化钠（BP358-1，修订 2026-02-06），均为英国格式。染料还没选定（Alexa Fluor 488 或 ATTO 488 这一类的 NHS 酯染料，溶在 DMSO 里），聚赖氨酸和 PBS 也没有打开过 SDS：请以你所用产品的那一份为准。

The safety data sheets behind this table这张表依据的安全数据表

All read on 2026-10-10, each the supplier's own sheet as its site served it that day. Revision dates are the sheets' own. Suppliers revise their sheets, so check the current one for the product you use. Naming a supplier is not an endorsement and nothing here is a place to buy: these are the sheets we could open, from suppliers the project's notes name (Merck, Fisher, Thermo; Merck's would not open for us), plus one UK supplier for sodium acrylate. "GB format" means the sheet is written to UK SI 2019/758 and classifies under GB CLP. An AI read these sheets and wrote this table, and a separate AI review re-checked it against them; no person has checked it.

全部读于 2026-10-10，每一份都是供应商当天在自己网站上提供的原件。修订日期以各 SDS 自己写的为准。供应商会更新 SDS，所以请核对你所用产品的最新那一份。提到供应商不代表背书，这里也不是购买指引：这些是我们能打开的 SDS，来自项目笔记里提到的供应商（Merck、Fisher、Thermo；Merck 的打不开），外加一家提供丙烯酸钠的英国供应商。“英国格式”指 SDS 按英国 UK SI 2019/758 编写、按大不列颠 CLP 分类。这些 SDS 由 AI 读取、这张表由 AI 写成，另一轮 AI 审查又对照原件核对过；还没有人工核对。中文版里引号中的 SDS 和 HSE 原话都是译文。

  1. Acrylamide Solution, 40%, BP1402-1: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 9, 2024-02-09. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  2. Bis-Acrylamide Solution, BP1404-250: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 5, 2023-10-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  3. Paraformaldehyde, 16% w/v aqueous solution (formaldehyde 16% in water, no methanol in its listed composition), 43368: SDS by Avocado Research Chemicals (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific), GB format, revision 9, 2026-04-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  4. Ammonium Persulfate, BP179-25: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 10, 2024-09-09. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  5. N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), BP150-20: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 8, 2023-10-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  6. Sodium acrylate, Glentham Life Sciences GX3080: SDS version 3.1 by Glentham Life Sciences (UK), written to EU REACH (EC) 1907/2006 and (EU) 2020/878, revision 2026-05-12. glentham.com (PDF)
  7. Acrylic acid, stabilized, 164250010: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 11, 2023-09-22. fishersci.co.uk (PDF) · Sodium hydroxide, BP359-500: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 13, 2023-10-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  8. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, BP166-500: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 9, 2023-10-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  9. Dimethyl sulfoxide, BP231-100: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 13, 2023-10-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  10. Triton X-100, BP151-100: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 15, 2024-04-04. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  11. Imidazole, BP305-50: SDS by Fisher Scientific UK, GB format, revision 9, 2023-10-13. fishersci.co.uk (PDF)
  12. No hazard class: EGTA, A16086 (SDS by Avocado Research Chemicals, GB format, revision 3, 2024-02-11; fishersci.co.uk); Tris base, BP152-1 (revision 10, 2023-10-13; fishersci.co.uk); sodium bicarbonate, BP328-500 (revision 9, 2023-10-13; fishersci.co.uk); sodium chloride, BP358-1 (revision 12, 2026-02-06; fishersci.co.uk); all four by Fisher Scientific UK except EGTA, all GB format.
  13. The calibration beads (BOM line C-03), for the sodium azide row: FluoSpheres carboxylate-modified microspheres, 0.1 µm, yellow-green, F8803: North American SDS by Life Technologies, revision 3, 2024-08-16, no hazard listed; no GB sheet could be opened. thermofisher.com (PDF) · The preservative: Thermo Fisher's FluoSpheres user guide, Pub. No. MAN0001849 Rev. B.0. thermofisher.com (PDF)
  14. The skin notation in the acrylamide row: HSE, EH40/2005 Workplace exposure limits (Fourth Edition 2020): "Sk Can be absorbed through the skin. The assigned substances are those for which there are concerns that dermal absorption will lead to systemic toxicity." hse.gov.uk (PDF)
  15. The legal baseline in Great Britain: HSE, the GB mandatory classification and labelling list (spreadsheet; its page last updated 22 September 2025): acrylamide 616-003-00-0 (Carc. 1B, Muta. 1B, Repr. 2, Acute Tox. 3 if swallowed, STOT RE 1 and others); N,N′-methylenediacrylamide 616-243-00-6 (Muta. 1B, in legal effect from 2025-09-23); formaldehyde 605-001-00-5 (Carc. 1B, Muta. 2, Acute Tox. 2 if inhaled, Skin Corr. 1B, Skin Sens. 1A and others; revised, with legal effect from 2025-02-15); imidazole 613-319-00-0 (Repr. 1B, Acute Tox. 4, Skin Corr. 1C); ammonium persulphate 016-060-00-6; TEMED 612-103-00-3; acrylic acid 607-061-00-8; sodium hydroxide 011-002-00-6. Sodium acrylate, SDS (the detergent) and DMSO have no entry under their CAS numbers. hse.gov.uk
  1. 丙烯酰胺溶液 40%，BP1402-1：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 9 版，2024-02-09。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  2. 双丙烯酰胺溶液，BP1404-250：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 5 版，2023-10-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  3. 多聚甲醛 16% w/v 水溶液（即 16% 甲醛水溶液，所列成分中没有甲醇），43368：Avocado Research Chemicals（Thermo Fisher Scientific 旗下）发布，英国格式，第 9 版，2026-04-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  4. 过硫酸铵，BP179-25：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 10 版，2024-09-09。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  5. 四甲基乙二胺（TEMED），BP150-20：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 8 版，2023-10-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  6. 丙烯酸钠，Glentham Life Sciences GX3080：Glentham Life Sciences（英国）发布的 3.1 版，按欧盟 REACH (EC) 1907/2006 和 (EU) 2020/878 编写，修订 2026-05-12。glentham.com（PDF）
  7. 丙烯酸（含稳定剂），164250010：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 11 版，2023-09-22。fishersci.co.uk（PDF） · 氢氧化钠，BP359-500：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 13 版，2023-10-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  8. 十二烷基硫酸钠，BP166-500：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 9 版，2023-10-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  9. 二甲基亚砜，BP231-100：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 13 版，2023-10-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  10. Triton X-100，BP151-100：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 15 版，2024-04-04。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  11. 咪唑，BP305-50：Fisher Scientific UK 发布，英国格式，第 9 版，2023-10-13。fishersci.co.uk（PDF）
  12. 未列危害类别：EGTA，A16086（Avocado Research Chemicals 发布，英国格式，第 3 版，2024-02-11；fishersci.co.uk）；Tris 碱，BP152-1（第 10 版，2023-10-13；fishersci.co.uk）；碳酸氢钠，BP328-500（第 9 版，2023-10-13；fishersci.co.uk）；氯化钠，BP358-1（第 12 版，2026-02-06；fishersci.co.uk）；除 EGTA 外都由 Fisher Scientific UK 发布，全部为英国格式。
  13. 丙烯酰胺一行的皮肤吸收标记：英国 HSE《EH40/2005 工作场所接触限值》（2020 年第四版）：“Sk：可经皮肤吸收。被标注的物质是那些令人担心经皮吸收会导致全身毒性的物质。”hse.gov.uk（PDF）
  14. 标定用的荧光微球（物料清单 C-03），对应叠氮化钠那一行：FluoSpheres 羧基修饰微球，0.1 µm，黄绿色，F8803：Life Technologies 发布的北美版 SDS，第 3 版，2024-08-16，未列任何危害；英国版打不开。thermofisher.com（PDF） · 防腐剂的出处：Thermo Fisher 的 FluoSpheres 用户指南，Pub. No. MAN0001849 Rev. B.0。thermofisher.com（PDF）
  15. 大不列颠的法定基准：英国 HSE 的大不列颠强制分类与标签清单（电子表格；所在网页最后更新于 2025 年 9 月 22 日）：丙烯酰胺 616-003-00-0（1B 类致癌、1B 类致突变、2 类生殖毒性、3 类吞咽急性毒性、1 类反复接触特定靶器官毒性等）；N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 616-243-00-6（1B 类致突变，自 2025-09-23 起具有法律效力）；甲醛 605-001-00-5（1B 类致癌、2 类致突变、2 类吸入急性毒性、1B 类皮肤腐蚀、1A 类皮肤致敏等；经修订，自 2025-02-15 起具有法律效力）；咪唑 613-319-00-0（1B 类生殖毒性、4 类急性毒性、1C 类皮肤腐蚀）；过硫酸铵 016-060-00-6；TEMED 612-103-00-3；丙烯酸 607-061-00-8；氢氧化钠 011-002-00-6。按 CAS 号查，丙烯酸钠、SDS（去污剂）和 DMSO 都不在清单上。hse.gov.uk

The law (UK, as the project's notes read it)法规（英国，按项目笔记的理解）

UK REACH Annex XVII (entries 28–30) means CMR substances can't be supplied to the general public. This covers acrylamide and, by Reg. (EU) 2018/675 as retained in UK law, formaldehyde. This law doesn't restrict the instrument itself, but the chemistry needs professional-user access, and it belongs only in an equipped, supervised laboratory working under its own safety rules. Never misrepresent yourself to a supplier.

英国 REACH 法规附件 XVII（第 28–30 条）规定 CMR 物质不得供应给普通公众。这包括丙烯酰胺，以及经 (EU) 2018/675 号条例纳入、并保留在英国法律中的甲醛。这条法规不限制仪器本身，但化学部分需要专业用户渠道，而且只能在设备齐全、有人监督、按自身安全规程运作的实验室里做。绝不能向供应商谎报身份。

Hazardous waste goes through a licensed route with records; nothing hazardous goes down the drain or into household bins. Research use only: no diagnostic claims, no human material, no live animals. This is a summary, not legal advice; check the current rules where you are.

危险废物走有资质的渠道并留存记录；任何危险物都不进下水道、不进生活垃圾。仅限科研用途：不做任何诊断声明，不用人体材料，不用活体动物。这只是摘要，不是法律意见；请以你所在地的现行法规为准。

Never bypassed, in code or in design无论代码还是设计，绝不绕过

  • Lid interlock: opening the lid cuts the excitation LED and stops every motor (the steppers and the pumps) in hardware.盖子联锁：一开盖，硬件直接切断激发 LED，并让所有电机（步进电机和水泵）停下。
  • Moving parts: the stepper gears sit under fixed printed covers and the pumps' roller heads are enclosed, so fingers and hair can't be caught.活动部件：步进电机的齿轮装在固定的打印护罩里，水泵的滚轮头有外壳罩住，手指和头发不会被夹住。
  • Leak cutoff: a leak trip cuts the pumps, any heater and the LED through a hardware latch that firmware can't clear.漏液切断：一旦检测到漏液，硬件锁存电路切断水泵、加热器和 LED，固件无法解除。
  • Thermal cutoff: any heater gets a hardware cutoff rated ≤ 50 °C near printed parts. Version 1 has no heater on the stage at all.过热切断：任何加热器都要有硬件温控切断，靠近打印件的额定不超过 50 °C。第一版载物台上干脆没有加热器。
  • No override: software never overrides these; there are no "force" flags.不许越权：软件永远不能覆盖以上保护，没有任何“强制”开关。
  • Low voltage: ≤ 24 V DC inside, from certified external supplies with fused rails. Never wire mains.低电压：机内不超过 24 V DC，用认证的外置电源，各路带保险丝。绝不接市电。
  • Liquids: only the sealed sample vessel sits over the objective, with a drip ring, a sleeve and a leak sensor; no reservoirs above the optics or electronics.液体：物镜上方只放密封的样品容器，配接水环、护套和漏液传感器；光学和电子部件上方不放任何储液瓶。
  • Stage rules: no CMR liquids, no gel casting and no 95 °C steps on the stage.载物台规矩：台上不放 CMR 液体、不灌胶、不做 95 °C 步骤。
  • Light: the high-power excitation LED runs only inside the closed box, and opening the lid cuts it; the white and oblique LEDs, which the interlock doesn't cover, must be ones their makers rate safe to look into. Never look into the excitation LED. No lasers and no ultraviolet source in the reference build. The laser pointer in the family experiment is separate from the instrument and has its own safety box.光：大功率激发 LED 只在密闭的盒子里工作，一开盖就被切断；白光和斜照 LED 不在联锁范围内，必须选厂商认定可以直视的型号。绝不直视激发 LED。参考设计里没有激光，也没有任何紫外光源。家庭小实验用的激光笔与仪器无关，有它自己的安全说明。
Page history: 1 dated change, the latest on 10 October 2026页面修改记录：1 条，最近一次 2026 年 10 月 10 日
10 October 20262026 年 10 月 10 日
  • this table was first written from the project's notes. Each chemical's hazards are now read from the sheet cited, with HSE's GB classification of the substance beside them where it is higher: acrylamide stays "toxic" if swallowed and absorbed through the skin, and formaldehyde, once "toxic by inhalation", is fatal if inhaled as a substance. What else changed: imidazole, a reproductive toxicant in the rigor buffer, was missing and is added, with acrylic acid and sodium hydroxide for the fallback; sodium acrylate's sheet gives no irritant class, only aquatic hazards, so "irritant" is gone; "sodium azide: not used" now says the calibration beads may bring it in; water beads, once listed with an "ingestion hazard", are now out of the design, with the UK safety alert's words on why (a gut blockage that needs surgery, or choking); the light rule says which LEDs the lid interlock covers and still says never to look into the excitation LED; handling follows the sheets, with a fume hood for acrylamide, TEMED, imidazole and formaldehyde; TEMED's "strong-smelling" is gone (not a hazard class), and its "never in a domestic fridge" and raw chicken's "dedicated tools never return to a kitchen" are gone with the withdrawn plan to do any of this at home (TEMED is stored in a flammables cabinet; the chicken's tools stay dedicated).
  • 这张表最初是根据项目笔记写的。现在各化学品的危害都读自所引的 SDS，并在英国 HSE 的大不列颠清单对物质本身的分类更高时一并列出：丙烯酰胺仍是吞咽“有毒”、可经皮肤吸收；甲醛原来写“吸入有毒”，按物质本身其实是吸入致命。其他改动：僵直缓冲液里用的生殖毒性物质咪唑原来漏了，现已补上，并加上备用方案用到的丙烯酸和氢氧化钠；丙烯酸钠的 SDS 没有刺激性分类、只有水生环境危害，所以去掉了“刺激性”；“叠氮化钠：不使用”现在写明标定微球可能会把它带进来；水晶珠原来只写了“误吞危险”，现在已从设计里去掉，理由用英国安全警报的原话（可能堵塞肠道而需要手术，或导致窒息）；光的规则写明了哪些 LED 在盖子联锁范围内，并仍然要求绝不直视激发 LED；处理方式按各 SDS 调整，丙烯酰胺、TEMED、咪唑和甲醛都要在通风橱里操作；TEMED 的“气味强烈”去掉了（不是危害类别），它的“绝不放家用冰箱”和生鸡肉的“专用工具不回厨房”随着“在家做任何一步”的计划撤销而去掉（TEMED 存放在易燃品柜里，处理鸡肉的工具仍然专用）。